26th June: the ill-fated day

On 26^th June 1960, blue light flag with a five edged white star was raised in Hargeisa. It was the first time flag was flying on independent Somali soil since European partition of Africa. Within five days Hargeisa united with Mogadishu. 55 years later, tonight Hargeisa and Mogadishu are welcoming 26^th June differently.  The blue light flag is no longer in Hargeisa. The exact spot the British flag was lowered and “the blue flag” replaced is now a mosque.

History will tell what happened in the last 55 years. At the night of 26^th June 1960, the men and women who were celebrating and hoping unity of all Somalis in the Horn never expected this moment. What went wrong is a long story with diverse and contradictory versions.   

The ecstasy of independence and euphoria of instituting state intended to pioneer unity of Somalis are now regret to the people in Hargeisa, and hope for the citizens in Mogadishu who lack functioning government and would like to enjoy 26^th June if peace would permit. The status of the two is clearly different. Their interpretation of history is also opposing.

I am one of the citizens of Somaliland who are in a dilemma. Shall I congratulate the rest of my fellow citizens on the 55^th anniversary of 26^th June? Or shall I ignore it? The answer depends on what you imagine when you hear the date.

Nevertheless, I wish for all Somalilanders to exercise their fundamental freedoms and rights equally. The essence of having state is the promotion, respect and realization of human rights irrespective of the colour of the flag, nature of government, border lines and political orientations. 

Shiico iyo Sunni: kala qayb sanaanta diimeed

In yar dabadeed markii Nebi Muxamad (CSW) uu dhintay, dadka Muslimiinta ah waxa dhex maray muran salka ku hayey is-maan dhaaf siyaasadeed. Intii Nebigu noolaa si cad umuu sii tilmaamin cidda hogaan u noqonaysa Muslimiinta marka uu dhinto. Sidoo kale Quraanka iyo Xadiisku ma sheegin qaabka loo dooranayo/xulanayo qofka ama cidda hogaanka u qabanaysa Muslimiinta. In ksata oo muranka iyo kala aragti duwanaanshuhu bilaabmay markii Abokor la doortay ba, hadana muu xoganayn tan iyo intii laga gaadhayey markii la dilay Cusmaan.

Dilka Cusmaan wuxuu daaha ka fayday khilaaf xoogan oo markii danbe la fogaaday Muslimiintii midaysnayd markii Nebigu (CSW) la joogay.  Markii Nebigu noolaa arin kasta waxa la waydiin jiray Nebiga oo isla markaaba jawaab bixin jiray hadii uu hayo ama waxyiga sugi jiray oo kadib ka war celin jiray. Hadalka Nebiguna wuxuu ahaa waxyi Eebe. Sidaasdarteed, ma jirin cid xaq u lahayd inay su’aal ka keento ama si kale u fasirato. Tusaale ahaan marka ayaad Quraan ah oo soo degtay asxaabtu u fasirato siyaabo kala duwan, waxay ula tegi jireen Rasuulka oo siin jiray tafsiirka saxda ah. Dhinacyadii kala aragtida duwanaana way aqbali jireen.

Dilkii Cusmaan kadib waxa la doortay Cali Binu Abi Daalib (oo nebiga inma adeerna ahaayeen, inantiisana qabay). Waxa jiray asxaab aan ku faraxsanayn amiirnimada Cali. Khilaafkaa qaarkiis wuxuu ku salaysnaa sida uu ka yeelay dadkii dilay Cusmaan. Khilaafka u wayni se wuxuu dhacay markii Mucaawiye oo badhasaab ka ahaa Suuriya markii Cusmaan xilka hayey uu diiday khaliifnimada Cali kalana hortegay mucaaridnimo hubaysan. Waxa la safatay Mucaawiye Caasha Bintu Abi Bakar oo ahayd xaaskii Nebiga (CSW).

 Kala jabkaasi wuxuu keenay dagaal hubaysan oo dhex maray labada dhinac. Balse Cali wuxuu qaatay in wada hadal iyo dhex-dhexaadin (garqaadis) lagu dhameeyo xaalka. Cid ayaa loo saaray si ay ugu garnaqdo labada dhinac. Go’aanna way soo saareen. Qaar ka mid ah asxaabtii la socotay Cali ayaa ka cadhooday in garnaq lagu dhameeyo xaalka. Waxay ku doodeen inaan aadanuhu awood u lahayn inuu garqaado balse Ilaahay wax kala xukumo, sidaasdarteed inuu ku qaldanaa Cali inuu yeelo dhex-dhexaadinta banii aadamka. Waxay ka dalbeen Cali inuu toobad keeno oo ka noqdo ogolaanshaha go’aanka garnaqa. Cali taas wuu diiday, iyana way ka goosteen. Waxa loo bixiyay khawaarij (kuwii goostay) oo loogu bixiyay inay ka goosteen Muslimiinta intooda kale. Kooxdii ku soo hadhay Cali ee la sii safatay waxa loo bixiyay “Shiicatul Cali” (kooxdii Cali).

Ugu danbayntii Cali waa la dilay, xukunkiina waxa la wareegay Mucaawiye. Khawaarijta iyo kooxdii Cali (Shiico) way ka soo hor jeedeen xukunka Mucaawiye. Mucaawiye wuxuu aasasay boqortooyadii Ummawiyiinta. Nidaamkiina wuxuu isku bedelay boqortooyo. Madaxdii isaga danbaysay xukunka oo uu ka mid ah Mucaawiye waxay ku kaceen cadaadis iyo waxyeelo badan. Kolkaas baa culimadii Diintu is-waydiisay waxa ay tahay in laga yeelo. Kuwii ka soo horjeeday oo ay ka mid ahaayeen Khawaarijtu waxay ku doodeen in marka ninka madaxda ahi sameeyo dembi, habayaraadee, uu gaaloobayo. Sidaasdarteed, ay tahay waajib inaan la adeecin. Culimadii taageersanayd xukunku waxay ku difaaceen in banii aadamku aanu lahayn awood iraado (free will) oo Alle qadaray waxa dhacaya. Sidaasdarteed, inaan loo raaci karin ifka inta la joogo falalka uu samaynayo oo ku yimi qadarka Eebe. Waxa doodaas danbe ka soo horjeestay koox ku dooday in banii aadamku leeyahay awood buuxda (free will). Waxa qoladan danbe la odhan jiray Qaddariyiin.

Sidaasawgeed, kala qaybsanaantii u horeeysan ee dhex martay Muslimiintu waxay ku salaysnayd cidda xilka hogaanka qabanaysa iyo waxa laga yeelayo. Koox siyaasadeed kastaa si ay ugu hesho qiil doodeeda waxay addilo ka raadisay Quraanka iyo Xadiiska. Labadii koxood ee u horeeyey waxay ahaayeen Shiicada (oo ah Shiicatul Cali oo la soo gaabiyay) iyo Khawaarijta. Shiicadu waxay kaga duwanaatay inta kale inay ku doodaysay in xukunka ay leeyihiin imaamyo oo Cali uu xaq u lahaa dagaalka lagu qaadayna uu ahaa baadil. Intaas dabadeed waxa soo baxay kooxo kale ay ka mid ahaayeen Muctaziliinta. Aragtida Muctazaliinta, Mutakalimiinta iwm waa arin qormo gaar ah u baahan waayo iyagu mawduucyo xiisa badan ayay ku sal leeyihiin.

Inkasta oo aragtida hore ku bilaabantay muran siyaasadeed, hadana dhinacyadu ma heshiin. Taasina waxay dhashay inay sii kala fogaadaan oo aanay waxba isku darsan. Waxayna u xuub siibteen firqooyin is diidan. Waxa sii kal durkiyay kuwii xukunka isaga danbeeyey oo mid waliba firqada uu la safto maahee kuwa kale cadaadinayey mararka qaarna gumaadayey.

Sidaas oo ay tahay, erey bixinada caan baxay ee ay ka mid yihiin Shiico ama Sunni bilawgii wax la qaatay may ahayn. Sunnigu gaar ahaan ma ahayn firqo xoog wayn. Balse waxay markii danbe noqotay firqada ugu balaadhan ee jirta. Aragti ahaan xagga siyaasadda waxay qaateen in afar khaliif ay jireen (Abi Bakar, Cumar, Cusmaan iyo Cali) iyaga oo diiday aragtida Shiicada ee Imaamnimada. Waxay sidoo kale ka soo horjeesteen aragtida fogaatay ee Khawaarijta. Sunnigu markii hore, sida aan hore u sheegay, ma ahayn erey bixin uu ogaa Nebiga iyo asxaabtiisa tooni. Maanta hadaad la hadashid qof Shiico ah wuxuu kuula hadlayaa sidii oo Shiicadu tahay magac Nebigu bixiyay. Waxa la mid ah Sunniga. In qof ku doodo anigu midna ma hi waxaaba laga yaaba inay dadka qaar ula muuqato gaalnimo waayo weli ismay waydiin Sunni ama Shiico waxay tahay.  

Waxa jiray firqooyin kale oo dhawr ah oo ay ka mid yihiin kuwa aan sare ku sheegay. Haseyeeshee, firqooyinkii kale way taag dareeyeen oo in kasta oo qaarkood wax ka sii nool yihiin, hada waxa xoogan Sunniga iyo Shiicada.

Ujeedada qoraalkani maaha inaan faaqido waxay ku kala duwan yihiin Sunniga iyo Shiicadu, balse waxaan u dan leeyahay inaan iftiimiyo in halka ugu horayntii lagu kala tegay ahayd aragti siyaasadeed oo markii danbe cagaha la gashay feker diimeed u digo rogtay firqaysi balaadhan.

Dadka hada nooli wax badan iskuma mashquuliyaan inay dersaan taariikhda hore. Shiicadu waxay isu haystaan inay iyagu yihiin kuwa saxda ah inta kalena baadi tahay oo ay ka baydhay wadadii saxnayd ee Islaamka. Sunniyiintuna si taas la mid ah ayay qaateen. Maadama oo qofku marka uu yar yahay uu ku barbaaro hal wado (firqo), isaga taas uun baa weligiis la quman.

Maanta oo boqolaal sano laga joogo markii Muslimiintu kala baydheen, weli is-diidka Shiicada iyo Sunniga waxa xudun u ah siyaasad. Taas macneheedu maaha inay ka midaysan yihiin dhamaan aragtiyaha caqiido. Kama midaysna. Xitaa kooxina gudeheeda ma midaysna. Shiicadu wax badan bay ku kala duwan tahay. Sunniguna waa is hayaa dhexdiisa oo qaarkood baa aad u kala fog.

Dadka Soomaalida ah inta la xasuusan yahay, waxay ahaayeen Sunni. Waa jirtaa dood u baahan baadhis gaar ah oo sheegaysa in markii Faadimiyiintu haysteen Masar ay soo gaadhay Shiicanimadu Soomaalida. Si kasta oo ay tahay, Soomaalidu waxay haysataa hal wado oo ah Sunni. Sidaasdarteed, war badan kama hayaan, shaqadoodana ma ahayn arimaha Shiicada. Tusaale ahaan markaad yarayd maad aqoon Shiico iyo Sunni toona. Waxaad se ahayd Muslim. Wadamada Islaamka badankooda, gaar ahaan Carabtu sidaas way ka duwan yihiin. Dagaal qadhaadh ayaa soo dhex maray Sunniga iyo Shiicada. Hadba boqorrada Muslimiinta u talin jiray waxa ku xoognayd qolo. Marba kii xoog waynina kuwa kale ayuu cadaadin jiray. Taasi waxay beertay colaad dheer iyo is-aaminaad la’aan ku sal leh siyaasadda iyo xukunka.

Kuwa xag jirka ah ee ka tirsan Shiicada iyo Sunniga waxay dadka u bahalo geliyaan kuwa kale. Waxay gaadhaan heer ay ku tilmaaamaan gaalo. Arinkani gaar ahaan wuxuu laba kac leeyaa marka xasarad siyaasadeed jirto, ileyn cid u dagaalanta ayay koox waliba u baahan tahay e. Soomaalidu fidnadaas waa ka badqabtay. In dhib ugu filani gudeheeda ayay ka jirtay, mar ay boqorraddi Kiristanka ahaa ee Itoobiya is-laayaan iyo mar ay dhexdooda is dilaanba.

Bariga dhexe waxa ka taagan loolan siyaasadeed ay kala hor boodayaan Sucuudiga iyo Iiraan. Xaqiiq ahaan diin iskuma hayaan ee waxay isku diidan yihiin siyaasad, khayraad iyo awood. Kooxaha Sucuudiga u shaqeeyaa waxay ka shidaal qaataan hadba fekerka siyaasadeed ee boqortooyadu u soo laqinto si danaha reer boqorka Sucuudiga loo ilaaliyo.

Hadaba, si gumaadka ay dawladda Sucuudigu uga gaysanayso Yemen loogu qiil raadsho, maaro diimeed loogu helo diyuuradaha sida aan kala sooca lahayn u duqaynaya dumar iyo caruur Muslimiin ah (oo intooda badani Sunni ah), waa in fadwo la soo saaraa odhanaysa Shiicada Yemen waa gaalo ama gaaladaa ka dhow. Tani waxba kama duwana kala safashadii culimada Muslimiintu la kala safteen kooxihii xukunka isku hayey. Taasina halkay geeysey oo gayaysiisay Muslimiinta maanta waa ognahay. Sucuudigu iska daa inuu weeraro e, hadal xun kuma odhan karo Israel, ciidan u soo gurmadana uma soo diri karo Soomaaliya, Muslimiinta lagu xasuuqay Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe garab ma siin karo, kuwa Burma lagu dhibayna uma hadli karo.

Waydiinta iga yaabisay habeen dhowayd oo aan maqlay wadaado iskaga dabo maray cayda iyo maagga Shiicada, waxay ahayd sababta ay u doonayaan inay ugu soo raraan Geeska Afrika dagaalka iyo fidnada ka taagan Barriga Dhexe.

Ugu danbayntii, waa run biyo kama dhibcaan ah inaan dadka Muslimiinta ah dani ugu jirin is kala qaybin iyo qoqob tooni. Ma jirto dheef ay dadka Soomaalida ah guud ahaan iyo Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland tooni ka korodhsanayaan fidmada iyo is-firqaysiga rogay Carabta.